為什麼會在這裡興建基地呢?

RONCHI AIRFIELD
Aerial reconnaissance photograph of "RONCHI AIRFIELD" (Kokubu No. 2 Naval Air Base), Kagoshima. Taken 1 Jan 1945 by a USAAF F-13A, Sortie 5ME-1; annotated by JICPOA (print ref. 50203-46). Original negative: U.S. National Archives, RG 373. Public domain.

就這樣,十三塚原的飛行場於1944年(昭和19年)底完成了一部分。隨之,原本的國分基地改稱為第一國分基地,十三塚原的基地則被命名為第二國分基地。從當時美軍方面的資料可以確認,十三塚原的這座飛行場被稱為「RONCHI」。
在溝邊十三塚原興建基地的工地,以溝邊地區的居民為主,從鹿兒島市、指宿等縣內各地動員了許多義務勞動者(勤勞奉仕)。據傳,從遠方聚集而來的人們住在日當山的宿舍,每天在天亮前昏暗的時刻出發,沿著通往工地的漫長坡道步行前往。當時沒有重型機具,基地的建設全靠人力進行。此外,十三塚原位於高地、水源稀少,如何確保用水成為一大課題。據說人們因此背著數支一升瓶(約1.8公升),每天往返約4趟,到隼人町迫間的河邊取水。



在能望見鹿兒島機場跑道的一角,有一片靜靜佇立的茶園。
在這裡,成為今村茶園原點的在來種「Yamatomidori(大和綠)」茶樹,歷經80年的歲月,至今仍靜靜地生長著。
那正是戰爭結束、這片台地一點一點恢復日常的時候。就在前一年還有特攻機起飛的台地上,一位女性種下了茶樹。今村茶園的時間,從那裡開始。
在藪北等品種茶成為主流之前,日本的茶園就是從這樣的在來茶樹開始的。與以扦插繁殖的均一品種不同,在來的茶每一株都有不同的面貌。萌芽的時期、葉片的形狀、滋味,都略有差異。這些參差不齊的茶樹,是歷經四代的製茶的起點。
迎著同樣的風,只是一直在那裡的茶園。彷彿輕聲說著「歡迎回來」,今天也依然搖曳著葉片。
References & Sources
Japanese Official Records
- War Diary of the 701st Naval Air Group, incl. annex: War Diary of the Kokubu No. 2 Detachment (National Institute for Defense Studies, Ministry of Defense / Japan Center for Asian Historical Records, Ref. C13120358900)
- Operational Records of the Ten Air Unit, Fifth Air Fleet, Feb.–Aug. 1945 (ibid., Ref. C16120705300)
- Combat Reports of Fighter Squadrons 302 & 303, "Air Defense of the Kanoya Area," 18–20 March 1945 (ibid., Ref. C13120282500)
- Status Tables of Naval Air Bases, Homeland Section: Sasebo Naval District (National Institute for Defense Studies)
Japanese Publications
- Tokkotai Commemoration Peace Memorial Association (ed.), The Complete History of the Special Attack Corps (2008; supplement 2011) and the Special Attack Corps Roster of the Fallen
- Iwamoto, Kiyoshi & Mukai, Tsutomu (eds.), Requiem: Ride the White Clouds Home — A Record of Kokubu No. 2 Special Attack Base (Jūsantsukabaru Special Attack Memorial Preservation Committee / Mizobe Town, 1992)
- War History Series (Senshi Sōsho): Naval Operations in the Okinawa Area (War History Office, National Defense College, Asagumo Shimbunsha, 1968)
U.S. Official Records
- CINCPAC-CINCPOA Bulletin No. 166-45, "Airfields in Kyushu" (U.S. Pacific Fleet and Pacific Ocean Areas, 15 August 1945) — public domain
- Air Facilities Supplement to JANIS 84 (Southwest Japan) (Joint Army-Navy Intelligence Study, compiled 1 May 1945) — public domain
- CINCPAC-CINCPOA Special Translation No. 65, "Digest of Japanese Air Bases" (12 May 1945 / National Diet Library Digital Collections) — public domain
- XXI Bomber Command Tactical Mission Reports, incl. Mission No. 104 (National Diet Library Digital Collections) — public domain
- U.S. Army Air Forces reconnaissance photograph, Sortie 5ME-1 (taken 1 January 1945; JICPOA annotated print, ref. 50203-46 / original negative: U.S. National Archives, Record Group 373) — public domain
Local Sources (Kirishima City, Kagoshima)
- Inscription and dedication of the Jūsantsukabaru Special Attack Corps Memorial (Uwatoko Park, erected 1979)
- Information board, Runway Concrete Fragments (Airport Park, 651-10 Kareigawa, Hayato-chō; Kokubu-Mizobe Special Attack Memorial Preservation Committee) — the figure of 173 fallen is per Kirishima City research
- Memorial information board (Uwatoko Park, 1997, Mizobe Town Special Attack Memorial Preservation Committee)
- On-site guide map, "Special Attack Base: Kokubu No. 2"
Images
- U.S. military aerial photograph USA-M57-261 (19 April 1946, 1st Reconnaissance Squadron, Eighth Air Force): adapted from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) Map & Aerial Photo Viewing Service
- Present-day aerial imagery: adapted from the Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) aerial photographs.
Film
- "Japanese Pilots; Dive Bombers; Aerials of Dive Bombers in Flight" (1943, captured Japanese footage): U.S. National Archives, via Internet Archive — public domain
- U.S. Navy footage, March–April 1945, waters off Kyushu and Okinawa (Naval Photographic Center collection, NPC-11125 / 11173 / 11213 / 11164 et al.): U.S. National Archives, via Internet Archive — public domain
About This Project
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